Orthognathic surgery is an effective solution for jaw problems that can affect quality of life. Facial deformities, bite disorders and sleep apnoea are situations that can be corrected through this surgical procedure. This intervention, performed by specialised professionals, offers benefits and satisfactory results, contributing to the rehabilitation and functional improvement of the patient. Supplemented with orthodontics and appropriate post-operative care, orthognathic surgery has proven to be an effective option in the treatment of these jaw problems.
Jaw problems and their impact on quality of life
Jaw problems can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life. These conditions can manifest themselves through various issues that affect both the function and aesthetics of the jaw.
Facial deformities and their consequences
Facial deformities, such as asymmetries or bone malformations, can lead to alterations in facial appearance and cause insecurity in the individual. These aesthetic changes can have psychological and emotional implications, affecting self-esteem and social interaction.
Bite disorders and their functional repercussions
Bite disorders, such as malocclusion or crossbite, not only cause dental alignment problems, but can also hinder correct chewing function and speech. These disorders affect the ability to eat, speak and socialise properly, with repercussions on the individual's quality of life.
Relationship between sleep apnoea and jaw problems
The relationship between sleep apnoea and jaw problems is close. Sleep apnoea is a breathing disorder characterised by obstruction of the airway during sleep. In many cases, this obstruction is related to the position of the jaw, which may require surgical intervention to correct jaw problems and improve sleep quality.
Orthognathic surgery as a solution
Orthognathic surgery is a surgical procedure that is used as an effective solution to address various problems related to the jaw and improper bite. Through this specialised treatment, the aim is to correct the relationship between the maxillary bone and the jaw, improving both the patient's facial function and aesthetics.
Indications for orthognathic surgery
Orthognathic surgery is indicated in cases of significant facial deformities, severe bite disorders and related functional problems. Situations that may require this type of intervention include:
- Severe dental malocclusion
- Crossbite
- Mandibular prognathism or retrognathism
- Significant facial asymmetries
- Speech problems due to incorrect position of the jaws
- Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome related to jaw structure
Processes and techniques used in orthognathic surgery
The process of orthognathic surgery involves careful planning and collaboration between different specialists, such as maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists. Prior to surgery, three-dimensional radiological studies and digital photographs are taken to assess the patient's situation and design an appropriate treatment plan. In addition, computer simulation techniques are used to visualise the possible results of the surgery before it is performed.
Benefits and results of orthognathic surgery
Orthognathic surgery offers a series of benefits that go beyond the patient's facial aesthetic improvement. By correcting the relationship between the maxillary bones and the jaw, a proper bite is achieved and associated functional problems, such as chewing and speech difficulties, are resolved. This type of surgery has also been shown to have satisfactory long-term results, greatly improving patients' quality of life. It is important to note that, in most cases, the scars resulting from orthognathic surgery are virtually unnoticeable.
Complementary treatments and postoperative care
Orthodontics prior to orthognathic surgery
Before undergoing orthognathic surgery, it is common for patients to undergo orthodontics. Orthodontics aims to correct the position of the teeth and correctly align the jaw, preparing it for surgery. During this phase, the orthodontist will work closely with the maxillofacial surgeon to ensure that the teeth are in the proper position for surgery.
Rehabilitation and recovery after surgery
After orthognathic surgery, it is essential to take care and follow the recommendations of the medical team for a proper recovery. During this stage, it is normal to experience some swelling and discomfort, which can be controlled with medication prescribed by the doctor. It is also important to follow a soft diet for the first few weeks and avoid strenuous physical activity.
Rehabilitation therapy may be required to help restore proper jaw function and improve pronunciation and chewing. The medical team will provide the patient with specific exercises to carry out at home and, in some cases, the support of a speech therapist may be necessary to work on speech and swallowing issues.
It is essential to attend scheduled follow-up appointments with the maxillofacial surgeon and orthodontist to assess the progress of recovery and make necessary adjustments in treatment. By properly following the instructions of the medical team, the chances of long-term success are maximised.
Advances and research in orthognathic surgery
Orthognathic surgery continues to be the subject of a variety of research and advances in the field of medicine and technology. Recent clinical trials and scientific publications offer new insights and knowledge that contribute to improving the results and efficacy of this type of intervention.
Recent clinical trials and scientific publications
Clinical trials play a fundamental role in the evaluation and development of surgical techniques in orthognathic surgery. By conducting rigorous, controlled studies, they seek to determine the effectiveness and safety of the procedures used.
Recent scientific publications also provide access to the latest advances and discoveries in the field. This research allows practitioners to keep up to date and apply best practices in surgical procedures.
Technological innovations applied to orthognathic surgery
Technology is playing an increasingly important role in orthognathic surgery, enabling significant improvements in the planning and execution of procedures. Notable technological innovations include:
- Three-dimensional imaging systems: These systems provide an accurate and detailed representation of the patient's anatomy, facilitating the planning of orthognathic surgery.
- 3D printing: 3D printing has been integrated into orthognathic surgery, allowing the creation of physical models of the mandible and maxilla, which helps surgeons to better visualise structures and plan more accurately.
- Virtual simulation: Using advanced computer software, the results of orthognathic surgery can be simulated before the actual procedure is performed, allowing for adjustments and improvements to the treatment plan.
- Osteosynthesis screws and plates: Advances in bone fixation materials and techniques have improved the stability and recovery of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.
These technological innovations have revolutionised orthognathic surgery, allowing for more precise planning, more predictable results and faster recovery for patients.
Frequently asked questions about orthognathic surgery
What is the duration of surgery and recovery?
The duration of orthognathic surgery can vary depending on the specific case of each patient, but generally ranges between 2 and 4 hours. As for recovery, it is a gradual process that can take several weeks or even months, depending on the complexity of the case and the individual response of each patient. During this period, it is important to follow the instructions of the medical team, eat a proper diet and perform the recommended rehabilitation exercises.
Are there any risks or complications associated with orthognathic surgery?
As with any surgical procedure, there are risks and potential complications associated with orthognathic surgery. However, it is important to note that advances in techniques and the use of precise tools by experienced professionals have significantly reduced these risks. Some possible risks include infections, reactions to anaesthesia and bleeding. It is essential to follow all postoperative instructions and keep follow-up appointments to minimise any potential complications.
What care and precautions should be taken after surgery?
- Maintain rigorous oral hygiene following the instructions provided by the medical team.
- Avoid hard or hard-to-chew foods for the first few weeks and stick to a soft, liquid diet for the first few days.
- Follow the prescribed medication plan to control pain and prevent infection.
- Avoid smoking and alcoholic beverages, which can delay the healing process and increase the risk of complications.
- Perform recommended rehabilitation exercises to aid recovery and maintain jaw function.
- Attends all scheduled follow-up appointments to assess recovery progress and make adjustments as needed.
It is important to remember that each case is unique, so it is essential to follow the specific instructions provided by the medical team and to report any concerns or unusual symptoms during the recovery process.
